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Representing Mathematical Formulae in Content MathML using Wikidata. "Introducing MathQA: a Math-Aware question answering system".
Both the federal United States Code and state statutes are subject to interpretation by the courts, and the annotated statutes are valuable tools in legal research. In the United States, legal publishers such as Thomson West and Lexis Nexis publish annotated versions of statutes, providing information about court cases that have interpreted the statutes. In the medical imaging community, an annotation is often referred to as a region of interest and is encoded in DICOM format. In the digital imaging community the term annotation is commonly used for visible metadata superimposed on an image without changing the underlying master image, such as sticky notes, virtual laser pointers, circles, arrows, and black-outs (cf. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. Since the 1980s, molecular biology and bioinformatics have created the need for DNA annotation. They had allowed users to provide information that popped up during videos, but YouTube indicated they did not work well on small mobile screens, and were being abused. On YouTube Īnnotations were removed on Janufrom YouTube after around a decade of service. The value of annotation has been empirically confirmed, for example, in a study which shows that in computer-based teleconsultations the integration of image annotation and speech leads to significantly improved knowledge exchange compared with the use of images and speech without annotation. Here, annotation can be a way to establish common ground between interactants with different levels of knowledge. This is especially important when experts, such as medical doctors, interpret visualizations in detail and explain their interpretations to others, for example by means of digital technology. In other words, it means the assignment of typological representations (culturally meaningful categories), to topological representations (e.g. As part of guided noticing it involves highlighting, naming or labelling and commenting aspects of visual representations to help focus learners' attention on specific visual aspects. Learning and instruction įrom a cognitive perspective, annotation has an important role in learning and instruction. The annotation process can be facilitated and accelerated through recommendation, e.g., using the "AnnoMathTeX" system that is hosted by Wikimedia. This is essential for disambiguation, since symbols may have different meanings (e.g., "E" can be "energy" or "expectation value", etc.). Mathematical expressions (symbols and formulae) can be annotated with their natural language meaning. Students often highlight passages in books in order to refer back to key phrases easily, or add marginalia to aid studying.Īnnotated bibliographies add commentary on the relevance or quality of each source, in addition to the usual bibliographic information that merely identifies the source. Textual scholarship is a discipline that often uses the technique of annotation to describe or add additional historical context to texts and physical documents to make it easier to understand.